Pattern-copying machine



June 11, 1929. TQPHAM PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Dec. 10- 1920 '7 Sheets-Sheet June 11,1929. E. TOPHAM PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Dec. 10. 1920 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 y W: m 3 W U W 4 b J fi fi 4 fi ,2 WAY w z I w/ w W a /L m JUL 7 d J 4, M .M 4 a, w 9% w M w W t I a w w June 11, 1929. L. E. TOPHAM 1,716,672

PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Dec. 10. 19 9 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 11, 1929. L. E. TOPHAM 1,715,672

PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Dec. 10- 1920 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 1929. 1.. E. TOPHAM PATTERN COPYING MACHINE June 11 Original Filed Decv 10- 1920 .7 Sheets-Sheet June 11, 1929. L. E. TOPHAM I PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Dec. 10 1920 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 //v vim 75C QM?? Fig.12

Jum 11, 1929. 1.. E. TOPHAM PATTERN COPYING MACHINE Original Filed Dec. 10. 1920 '7 Sheets-Sheet 7 W l/f/V 75R MSW A Patented June 11, 1929.

barren STATES, PATENT OFFICE.

LAURENCE E. TOP'HAIVI, OF SVVAMPSCOTT, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CORPORATION, 01 PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF N'IillV JERSEY.

PATTERN-COTPYING MACHINE.

Application filed December 10, 1920, Serial Ito/429,719. Renewed December 20, 1926.

This invention refers to pattern copying direction perpendicular to its tread surface machines and is disclosed as embodied in a will therefore enable the sole profile of the 55 lathe for turning shoe lasts. last out to be controlled in any desired man- Grcat difiiculty has been experienced in nor. Obviously any profile can be controlled 5 cutting lasts from a single model by means in the same way by moving the model in the of the ordinary width grading mechanism in plane containing the mechanical axis of revo that the width grading mechanism magnilution andthe profile to be controlled. 60 fies the distance from the axis of rotation of lVhile the above-described mechanism as the last to the surface by the same multiplyconstructed by Whipple and Boynton was ing factor throughout the last and thereby quite successful, it was found that under cererl'ects the result of making the sole profile of tain conditions of work, for example, the a wider last than the model more convex than necessity of extraordinarily tight clamping so that of the model since the lower part of the of worn models between the model dogs, the ball is fartherfrom the axis than any other slides which effected the lateral. movement of part of the sole profile and is consequently the model did not always work as smoothly dropped farther below the axis by the width as is desirable, and an important object of the grading mechanism. Such variations in lasts present invention is still further to improve 70 have no anatomical justification and various the art of last cutting by providing a machine methods of correcting'the difiiculty, such as by means of which such occasional dilliculty the use of heels of anomalous heights, and the may be avoided. I have discovered that the empirical bending of a wide last by sawing effect of moving: the model according to the slots in the top and bottom and wedging; one invention of Whipple can be exactly produced 75 slot until the other closes, have been adopted. by mounting the model in the ordinary well- Such expedients are very expensive and unknown manner and moving the center of the satisfactory and it is dilficult to obtain unimodel wheel in a circle the plane of which is form results by their use. The invention of l'iel'pendicular to the axis of rotation of the Leland Whipple disclosed and claimed in model and the radius of which is equal to the 80 United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,188 displacement of the model from normal posinranted Dec. ll, 1920, on his application and tion in a machine built according to the further improved by the invention of Stanley Whipple invention, this radius being of. course E. lloynton, disclosed. and claimed in United variable the cutting proceeds along the States Letters Patent No. 1,362,185 granted length. of the last. An important feature of Dec. let, 1920 on his application for U. S. Letthe present invention is, therefore, a mechaters Patent Serial No. 234.012, filed May 11, nism for effecting a revolutionul movement 35 1918, eff cted a solution of the problem by of the model wheel spindle and preferably a moving the model transversely to its axis of revolutioual movement of variable radius rotation in the last lathe during); the last cutduring the last cutting. This object is se- 90 ting. It is obvious that (neglecting width cured in the illustrated machine by a variable grading for the time being) tne transverse throw eccentric controlled preferably by a section of a model which is being reproduced cam, and operated in time relation to the roin the block at any instant will be reproduced tation of the model.

in the block in the same relation to its axis of It is .ssential that the revolutional move- 95 rotation as is occupied by the model section ment of the model wheel spindle keep step in relation to its mechanical axis of rotation, exactly with the rotational movement of the assuming that we are dealing with a machine model in order to avoid errors in reproducof theordinary Gilman type. Any transverse tion. Accordingly an important feature of displacement of the model from normal posi: the invention. consists in means for maintain- 100 tion relatively to its mechanical axis of roing the relation between these movements, irtation will therefore displace the block secrespective of the swing frame movement. In

tion being formed by the same amount upon the machine shown this is accomplished by a its mechanical axis of rotation. A continupair of spiral gears between the two rotating ous control of the model positions involving objects, the angle of. the teeth of which is so 05 movement of the model back and forth in a adjusted that a rotation of the swing frame is absorbed in the relative movement of the spiral gears without disturbance of the two angular-1y moving objects.

Another in'iportant object of the invention relates to the alteration in the transverse shape of the last re ntoduced from the model. It has long been the custom in many factories in width grading a set of lasts to use the same insole pattern for the A and AA widths and for the E and WE widths in order to avoid too extreme an appearance of narrowness or width in these extreme lasts. The EE last, for example, must nevertheless have the normal ELIE toot room in it and therefore can not be graded in the last lathe in the ordinary way. The last is ordinarily produced by grading a last having a larger amountof room in it than the EB and then trimming oil the bottom by hand to [it the E insole pattern, the whole operation being so performed that the trimmed last will have the Eli girth measurements. This operation obviously requires great skill, is essentially a matter for the model maker rather than the last turner and is consequently extremely expensive. I propose, among other objects of invention. to remedy this ditiiculty by a novel grading mechanism which in the machine shown provides a factor of magnification which is variable during a rotation of the last. By this means the magnification factor can be held for example at unity while the model wheel. is rolling over the tread taco of the model so that the tread face of the model *ill be reproduced exaetly in the block and the magnification iiactor can then be made other than unity during the reproduction of other portions of the last, whereby the required. "toot room may be created in it, although the shape and geometrical relation of the cross-section to that oili the model are varied. In the machine shown this object secnrel by a continuous cam operated control of the width Q'E'I'Klillff magnification "factor. which, in the particular problem suggested. adjusts toe width grader for 121 reproduction as the model wheel passes over the tread "taco oi? the last. and adjusts it to compensate for the on'iission of grade across the latter, as it passes around the remainder of the last.

These and other features of the invention comprising various combinations and arrangements of parts will be better understood from the following description of a. preferred embodiment thereof selected for purposes of' illustration and shown in the accompanying dra wings in which,

Fig. 1 is a plan of the essential portion of the machine;

Fig. is an enlarged detail or" the model wheel control mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a partial elevation of the left hand end of the machine;

Fig. 4: is a vertical section on the line 4t of Pig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line 55 oi Fig. 1;

Figs. 6, 7 and S are enlarged diagrams of the width grading mechanism in several positions;

vFig. 9 a partial elevation oi the right end of the machine arranged for or linary width grading;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail of the ordinary width grading unit;

Figs. 11 and 12 are diagrams illustrating the profile control;

l igs. 12-3 and Ltare a plan and elevation o't an alternative form of model wheel control mechanism; and

15 illustrates diagrammatically the swing frame construction of the ordinary lathe.

The bed 10 of the machine is of ordinary construction and need not be further described here. It is furnished with a flat rear slideway 12 and two front V-shaped guides 14, 16 cooperating with suitable recesses in the model wheel carriage 18 and cutter carriage 2!), respectively. The cutter carriage 20 is provided with a sliding plate 22 working in rectilinear guides crosswise of the machine which carries the motor 24 and the cutter head 26 on the spindle 28 inclined substantially 30 toward and with the direction of feed of the cutter carriage, as is described in United Fitates Letters Patent No. 1 330.8etl, granted Feb. 17, 1920, upon the application of Frank S. Buck. The slide 22 is for the purpose of width grading, as will be explained later. It has mounted at its rear a roller 30 upon a vertical axis and a spring 32, with its torward end abutting upon the carriage 20, and its rear end upon the slide 22 tends to force the slide into a rearmost position. The carria 18 and 20 may be driven in any appropriate mannc and may he joined by any appropriate type of length grading mechanism. inns-much as this invention is not concerned with the performance of length gradin such mechanism is not shown.

A swing frame 3i pivoted at the top of the machine. as is well understood by experts in this art, the construction being common in the well-known Gilman last lathe. The lower end of the swing frame is connected by links 36 to an arm 38 connected with a counterweighted rocksha'lt, as is also well understood, for the purpose oi forcing the swing frame to operative position. The swing frame carries model and block holding dogs 40 and 42, respectively, the drive spindles of which are connected for equal rotation in any desired manner, as will also be well understood, such construction being common. The rotational axes of the dogs are hereinafter alluded to as the mechanical axes oi rotation of the model or block respectively, by which is meant that they are fundamentally related to the machine and not to what rotates on them. The swing frame 8i may be replaced by a slide frame sliding on rectilinear guides, if desired, without departing from the present invention.

The model wheel carriage 18 has two pairs of vertical guides ist and 46 between which, in a close machine fit, is slidably mounted the frame 48. Upon the front end of this frame is mounted a member 50 having two studs 51 and which are offset and upon the outer stud 58 of which is mounted the model wheel 52. The member 50 may be replaced by other similar members having more or less offset between the two studs in order to accommodate model wheels of different diameters with their operative faces 54 at the same point for the purpose of securing more accurate reproduction of sharp corners during width grading. This construction is well known in the Gilman last lathe and need not be described further.

The frame 48 carries two sets of gimbals each comprising a frame 56 carried upon horizontal, collinear opposed spindles 58 mounted in the frame 48, which frame 56 has mounted within it upon .collinear opposed vertical spindles 60, at right angles to the spindles 58, a frame 62, in which is mounted with an accurate turning and sliding it a rod (it. The rod 64: is integrally mounted with and between two collinear spindles 66, but is staggered with respect thereto and prefer ably has its middle point in the axis of the two spindles 66. The spindles (56 and rod 64: form a Z-shaped member. The rods 6% are longer than the thickness of the frame 62 so that they can be moved through the frames 62 a certain distance. This is permitted by movement of a slide 68 movable lengthwise of the machine in ways TO upon the carriage 18, as shown in l, which slide carries the standards 72 and Yet in which the spindles 66 are mounted. When the slide 68 is in such position that the centers of the rods 6% lying on the z rcis of the spindles (56 are at the center of the frames 02. the rotation of the spindle 6G and rods (iahwhich is accomplished through equivalent gears 76 and '57 meshing with an idler 78 mounted upon the two spindles ($6 and a third spindle 80 respectively, all in the standard 74., will ca use no movement of the frame 48 in the guides dd but will simply rock the gimbal mechanism 56, 62. if, on the other hand, the slide 68 is moved from this position to such a position as is shown in Fig. 2, the rotation of the gears 76 will cause a bodily movement of the frame 18, all parts of the frame ren'iaining parallel to themselves, and will cause the center of the model wheel 52 to describe a circle, the radius of which is equal to the eccentricity of the center of the frame 62 relatively to the axis of the spindles 66. i

In other words, I have described and shown a variable eccentric mechanism for revolving the center of the model wheel in a circle of varying radius during the euttin g of the last, the plane of said circle being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the model. Any convenient mechanism for accomplishing this mechanical result may be substituted for the frame 48 and its operating parts without departing from the present invention. The position of the model wheel center corresponding to the neutral adjustment of the slide 68, when. the radius of the movement of the model wheel center is zero, is the normal position of the model wheel center in the lathe as understood prior to the present invention. The longitudinal axis passing through this position has been termed in the claims a mechanical axis of revolution since the variable eccentric mechanism described effects a revolution of the model wheel center around it, though the variable eccentric mechanism is displaced from it for the sake of mechanical convenience. The significance of the term mechanical is that the axis is related to the machine rather than to the model wheel.

The slide (58 is operated by a link 82 one end of which is pivoted. to the slide and the other end of which is adjustably pivoted in a slot in a lever 84, a second fulcrum of which is mounted upon the carriage 18 at 86, and the third fulcrinn of which is connected by a link 88 to a bell-crank lever 90 whose center fulcrum 92 is also on the carriage 18. The other extremity of this be l-crank carries a roller 9 1- which contacts with a cam 96 upon the bed 10. As the model wheel carriage 18 moves to the left in Fig. 2, this roller, which is forcibly held in contact with the cam 98 by the springpressed plunger 98 mounted in the carriage 18, will operate the slide 68 in any desired manner, according to the shape of the cam 96, and thereby control the radius of eccentricity of movement of the model wheel rotational axis 58. The gear 77 has integrally mounted with it a gear 100 which is wide enough to remain in contact with a pinion 102. ir- I'USPQJtlYG of the position of the slide 08, the pinion 102 being mounted upon the carriage 18 and splined upon a shaft 10L extending through the frame of the machine to the disk 166. the purpose of which will appear later.

The utility of the above described mechanism in controlled profiles of the objects prod uced will be readily understood. It evident that the depth of cut upon the block at any instant depends solely upon the distance between the mechanical axis of rotation of the block and the cutter axis, or. aside from the matter of width grading. what. is the same thing in an ordinary machine of the Gilman type, the distance between the mechanical. axis of rotation of the model and the axis of rotation of the model wheel. In the hipple-Boynton machine above mentioned, the toe spring control effect was produced as above noted, by shifting the model up or down upon its mechanical axis of rotation in the swing frame so as to alter the distance between the mecnanical axis of rotation of the model. and the axis of rotation of the model wheel. ll ow it obvious that the same effect will be produced upon the distance between the axes of rotation of the block and cutter, by (1) shifting the model upon its mechanical axis of rotation and letting the swing frame move until the model wheel contacts with the surface of the model as in the lVhipple-Boynton machine, or leaving the model undisturbed in the swing fran'ie and moving the axis of rotation of the model wheel from its normal position an amount equal to the displacement of the model in the i hipple machine, butin the opposite direction. The ordinary axis of rotation of the model, that is the line joining tne toe tip to the center of the heel is moved in the Whip ple-lloynton machine in a circle around the n echanical axis of rotation of the model as the model makes each rotation and therefore the same effect upon the last cutting will be produced by revolving the axis of rotation of the model wheel about its normal position in a circle of the same radius in the same direction at the same speed, but differing 180 in phase. This is illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12 in which the full line contour A represents the normal position of the model section and the dotted contour 13 represents the displaced position of the model section atthe instant of reproduction, in such a machine as that of vi hipple, the displacement being measured by the distance (Z the mechanical axis of rotation of the model and block being at (a, and the position of the model wheel and cutter being shown bv the circle G with center at 6.

Obviously the same separation a?) between the axis of rotation of the block and that of the cutter will be produced by moving the center of the model wheel the same distance (Z, in the opposite direction and leaving 'the model in the A position, the center of the cutter remaining at b. in other words, the change described consists simply in moving the figure consisting of the model section and the model wheel as a whole parallel to itself the distance relatively to the mechanical axis of rotation of the model in the swing frame and relatively to the normal axis of rotation of the model wheel, respectively, which will not move the swing frame or affect the relation of the block and the cutter in any way.

In another way of looking at the matter, regarding the model as an object fundamentally related to its own longitudinal axis running from its too tip to the heel center (the last out being generated in a fundamental relation to a similar axis) the lVhipple- Boynton machine controls a longitudinal profile of the last cut by revolving the model.

bodily in a circle about its mechanical axis of rotation in the swing frame, the *adius of the circle being the distance from the mechanical axis to the longitudinal axis mentioned. This radius being denoted by (Z, the depth of cut in the block will be affected by the quantity (Z sin 0 where 6 the amount of revolution of the model measured from a definite starting point. The machine of the present invention bodily revolves the model wheel in a circle of radius (Z, thus producing the same effect upon the relation of the cutter and block.

It should be understood that the phrase revolution of the model wheel and the like really refer to the revolution of the model wheel center and such expressions have been adopted to avoid circumlocution. The rotation of the model wheel about its center 53 is merely an anti-friction device, and has nothing theoretically to do with the rcpro duction function of the machine. The radius of revolution of the model wheel center will be normally less than one-half incln and the greater part of the model. wheel will consequently not revolve around the mechanical axis of rotationfl as far as its movement necessary for reproduction is concernedv The model wheel is a wheel only because the cutter is of that form. If the cutter *cre a point the model wheel would also be a point, and the language used would be rigorously accurate. v

The shaft which drives the gear 78 is splined in a miter gear 108 mounted in the standard 110 on the main bed of the machine. This miter gear is driven by a second miter gear 112 mounted in a yoke 114. pivoted on the shaft 80 and upon a shaft 116 splined in a spiral gear 118 mounted in a frame 120 pivoted at 121 on the model spindle 122 on the swing frame 81. A pinion 121 meshing with the spiral gear 118 and pivoted also at 121 transmits 1. owcr from the pinion 123 on the spindle 125. The spindle 125 is driven by the pulley 125 from the hca d of the swing frame in the ordinary manner. The splines in the shafts 80 and 116 permit free movement of the slide 68 and of the swing frame.

For accurate reproduction in a last lathe it is necessary that all points in the intersection of a plane passing tlnrough the axis of rotation of the model with the surface of the model (or of a radial section of the model) should contact with the model wheel in the same way; or in another view of the matter, if the machine were at rest and the model should expand by the movement of all its surface points straight out from the axis of rotation, the point which was in contact with the model wheel should remain in contact with it during the expansion. This offers no difiiculty where a slide frame is used, but under some conditions of work a slide frame is not suiliciently lively and responsive and a swing frame must be used. The rotation of the swing frame in following the expanding model tends to move the radius drawn to the original point of contact off the model wheel. This problem is illustrated in Fig. 15. The pivot of the swing frame 190 is represented at 192, and the axis of rotation of the model at 19st. The center of the model wheel 195 is shown at 196 and the distance 19t 196 is the radius of the model wheel. 7 The triangle 192-194t196 therefore represents the condition of things when the axis of revolution of the model lies on the face of the model wheel, which sometimes occurs for example at the upper side of the toe ofa womans last. Now suppose the swing frame to remain fixed, and the machine to swing around it as the model. wheel slides parallel to its axis, by means of its sliding carriage-the model remain ing at rest in the swing frameuntil the model wheel reaches the point, this point, and the axis containing the first point of contact, defining a radial section which is most distant from the axis of rotation. The model wheel center will then move to a point 198. F or perfeet reproduction the points 196, 198 and all positions of the model wheel center lying between them should lie on a straight line passing through the axis 194. The locus of all these positions is actually the are 200, and the distance 192196 is so adjusted that this are fits the line 191 196 as closely as possible. It has been found advisable in practice to ad just this distance so that the are 200 crosses the line 194-196 between the points 196 and 198 which represent the extreme points of swing, as shown in Fig. 15. In the Gilman 10-inch cutter head lathe and 3 inch cutter head lathe, the dimensions are respectively 10-iuch 34912.3 3% inch l 337 710 In turning a-left last from a right model.

he dogs are so set thatthe model and last come to alinement on the line (or radial. plane) 191-196, and. turn equally away from it in both directions.

The preceding discussion forms no part of the present invention, and its theory has been known many years, but it must be perfcaitlv understood inorder to understaml the no? feature of the presentinvention to he described. 1n the ordinary lathe it is only necessary that the model and block rotatd equally away from the line 194l-196 in equal times-uniforinity or any particular rate of rotation of no consequence nor is it of consequence in the simpler problem of turning a right last from a right model. In practicing the present invention, however, it is necessary that the rotation oft-the model follow exactly the revolution of the model wheel center. This is accomplished by adanism.

tion in which the model wheel face is on the axis of the, spindle 122. These layouts will show how much and in which direction the shaft 1.161s obliged to rotate on its own axis during the swing frame movement, due to the engagement of the gear 108 (regarded as fixed) and the gear 112, and also how much and in what direction the gear 118 moves at the same time about the center 121,

and the slope of the teeth in the gear and pinion 11812 1 can then be adjusted so that th'e'rotation of the gear 118 due to its being splincd on the shaft 116 will just permit it to move around the center 121 the proper amount without disturbing the gear 124. Thus the timing ofthe model wheel center revolution is not affected by the changes in position of the swing frame due to varying I model radii.

Figs. 13 and 14. show an alternative and,

from some points of View, preferable construction of the model wheel operating mechln this form, the slide 68 is done away with and thereby all difficulties incidental to the friction of impending slipping which is relatively great as compared with that of actual slipping are done away with, so that a change in the eccentricity of the model wheel movement will be more smoothly produced. The standards 126 are mounted directly upon the carriage 18. The rods 6 1* are oppositely inclined instead of parallel and are moved by a rocker lever 128 fulcrumed at 180 upon the carriage 18 by the cam 96, cam roll 9st, lever 90, adjustably pivoted at 92 and link 132 and crank arm 1341 mounted upon the spindle at 180. The rocking lever 128 moves the two rods 6 in opposite directions and therefore their opposite inclination produces the same eccentricity of movement of the frame -18, the performance of the machine being the same as before.

The novel width grading mechanism will now be described. The roller rests against the face of a long plate 136 which extends along behind the cutter carriage parallel to the length of the machine and forms one arm of a bell-crank lever pivoted on a horizontal 's at 138, the other arm of which is seen at 140, Fig. 9. The rocking of this bell crank through. the reaction between the plate 136 and the roller 30 which contacts with it irrespective of the location of the cutter carriage 20 along thelast, operates the slide 22 and eit'eets' the width grading function. The mechanism for operating the plate 186 is as follows: Pivoted at 142 on the main frame of the machine is a segment plate 144 having a graduated slot 146 in which may be adjusted at will the end of a link 148, the other end of which is yoked around the upper end of another link 150, there being a cam roller 152 at the joint. The lower end of the link 150 is pivoted at 151 to the end of the arm 140, already described. Pivoted at 154 on a vertical bar 156 bolted to the bed of the machine is a swinging arm 1.58, the upper end of which is connected by a link 160 with the swing frame 84. The link 158 carries an integral segment shaped lever 162 which cooperates with the roller 152 and is formed preferably in the are of a circle, the center of which falls at the unction of the arm 140 and link 150, when the swing frame is so positioned that the axis of rotation of the model lies upon the face of the model wheel. Movement of the swing frame in and out corresponding to the varying contour of the model will rock the arm 15 8 and consequently the segment 162. If the cam roller 152 lies directly over the center 154, as shown in Fig. 6, no motion of the link 150 and plate 136 will result and no width grading will be done. If, however. the roller 152 is displaced from the center 154, the rocking of the segment 162 will move the bar 136 and effect a width grading action in the cutting. The segment grading lever 162 is in effect a fanboard, the contacting linger for which is the cam roller 152, and in ordinary width grad ing the roller 152 would remain at the same position on the fan-board. The present invention, however, provides that the position of the cam roller 152 may be continuously controlled so as to vary the width grading multiplying factor at will during the last cutting. This is effected preferably by a cam 164 mounted upon a disk 166 which is driven by the shaft 104, as already stated. The gearing is so proportioned that the disk 166 rotates at the same angular velocity as the model and block. The cam 164 co-acts with the 'am roller 1T0 upon the end of the segment 144 and thereby rocks the segment 144 about its center 142 in a cycle of the same period as the model rotation. The segment 144 in rocking moves the cam roller 152 through the link 148 and thereby controls continuously during each rotation of the model the distance from the center 154 to the center of the roll 152 which is equivalent to controlling the width grading multiplying factor. The link 148 is exactly the length of the distance between the centers 154' and 142, which also the radius of the segment 144, so that if the end of the link 148 is adjusted so as to be directly over the center 142 (the zero setting for width grading) the roller 152 will be directly over the center 154 and no width grading will be done, irrespective of the movements of the segment 144.

On the other hand, it is possible by a particular design of the cam. 164 to swing the segment 144 into such a position that its center of curvature will be held at the point 154 so that the roll 152 will lie over the center 154, regardless of the :uljustment of the end of the link 148 in the slot 146. This position is shown in Fig. 6. For the purposes of the particular problem which gave rise to the construction of the disclosed machine, the cam 164 is designed, for example, with a portion 1720f substantially circular formation and so positioned as to keep the segment 144 substantially motionless in the position shown in Fig. 6 while the sole of the model is rolling over the model wheel. No width grading whatever will therefore be done during the rc roduction of the tread surface of the model. The remainder of the cam at 174 is so designed as to swing the segment sull'iciently to displace the roller 152 from the center 154 enough to make up the failure to width grade the bottom of the last while going a "ound the upper portion so that the required girth of the wider last to be cutwill .be secured, although the bottom is not width graded at all. The same insole pattern will therefore [it both the model and the last being cut. The cam 164 may be designed to effect variations in the width grading magnification factor according to any desired rule. The cam shown in Fig. 6 would grade a whole series widths with the same insole pattern by simply adjusting the link 148 in the slot 146 for each last out. The substitution of a new model, with a different insole pattern, would provide a new set of widths having the insole pattern of the new model.

The length of the link 148 is equal to the distance between the centers 142 and 154 so that the setting of the link 148 in the slot 146 will not eitect the cessation of width grading across the bottom of the last, though in general the. width grading multiplying factor is on the average determined by the setting of the end of the link 1.48 in the slot 146 in accordance with suitable scale. The curvature of the segment- 162 insures that no width grading IDOVQlIlGfli] can take place when the axis of the model is on the model wheel face, irrespective of movement impressed on the roller 152.

If it is desired to do ordinary width grading with the machine, the segment 144 must be held motionless. This may be accomplished by means of a circular cam 164, or by a link 17 6 joining the axes 170 and 104. This link should be of suitable length to hold the segment 144 tilted into substantially the mean position communicated to it by the regular cam 164 and this position with the link 1418 suitably adjusted in the slot 146 according to the scale thereon'will place the cam roller 152 in the proper fixed position upon the segment 162 to accomplish the desired uniform Ill) width grading. The link 176 will preferably be made adjustable in length and the two ad- 'JUStELlJlG portions of it, 178 and 180, will preferably be provided with scales 182 and 18 1, re-

spectively, to show the length requisite to produce the desired width grade in Conner-ti on with the particular model being used, since it requires a larger magnification factor to grade one width from a childs model than it does to grade one width from a mans model.

Fig. 6, as stated, shows the relation of the parts dining the reproduction of the tread face of the model. when no width grading is taking place. Fig. 7 shows the condition of things a half revolution later, in which the roller 170 is at the extreme portion 17-l of the cam trac c and width grading is taking place at substantially double the norn'ial magnification rate. Fig. 8 illustrates the condition of things at the time that the upper part of the instep is being reproduced 'lhe cam 174: and the segment iii are in the same relative positions, but the swing frame has been displaced more than in Fig. 7 in order to accoml'i'iodate thegreater radius vector from the model axis to the top of the instep. The seg- 1110111} 162 is therefore tipped farther and the l inl:.150 therefore displaced a greater distance, causing a greater movement of the bar 136. In Figs. 6, 7 and 8, the arrows 186 show the displacement of the arm 1-58 from the positi on corresponding to a swing frame position with the axis of rotation of the model upon the face of the model wheel, and indicate the radius of the model being reproduced. The arrows 188 show the displacement of the segment 162 from its corresponding position. The arrows 190 show the displacement of the scgn'ient 144 from. the position in which no width. grading is being done, and the arrows 192 show the displacementof the ar 1% from the corresponding position, and show the absolute value of the width grade.

A few words may be said of the performance of the disclosed machine, from the quantitative standpoint. l? or any given position of the segment 14% the movements of the pivot 151 are substantially proportional to those of the swing frame. If the segment l l l be then moved to a second position, and the swing frame moved to the same seriesof positi one as before, the movements the pivot 151 in the second set are sulrstant-ially proportional to the correspomling ones in the first set, the factor of n'oportionality being the ratio of the two distances 15215-l. The moven'ients of theswing frame or fan board) are in effect multiplied by a factor which is 'ariable during the last cutting and is, in the illustrated machine, cyclical, with a period equal to that of the model rotation. This factor is determined at any instant by the position of the roller 152, and is proportional to the dis tance 154r152.

Having thus described my invention, what l'claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In. a pa tern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and means for revolving oneof the model. wheel and cutter, displaced from its normal pee on relatively to its mechanical axis, about too mechanical axis.

In. a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these instrinnentalities are respectively related, the dfstance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and a cam and connections for revolving one of the model wheel and cutter, displaced from its normal position relatively to its mechanical axis, about the mechanical axis.

2-3. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and means for displacing and revolving one of the model wheel and cutter upon ano about its mechanical axis.

4. .ln a pattern copying machine, four principal instrun'ientalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the'distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and a cam and connections for displacing and revolving one of the model wheel and cutter upon and about its mechani cal axis.

5. In apattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a. model held in the holder, and means for revol *ing the model wheel, dis laced from its normal position ri'ilatively to its mechanical axis, about the mechanical axis.

(3. In a pattern copying); machine, tour principal instrumcntalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, .tour mechanical axes to which these instrume italiiies are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being, controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and a cam and connections for revol 'ine' the model wheel, displaced from its normal position relatively to its mechanical axis, about the mechanical axis, said cam being developed as a function oi? the longitudinal position in the work of the point being reproduced.

T. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model. holder, a cutter and a blocx holder, i'our mechanical axes to which these instrumcntalitics are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the periphcries of the model. wheel and amodel held in the holder, and means for displacing and revolving the model wheel upon and about its mechanical axis, the revolution period being equal to the rotation. time of the model.

i'i. En a pattern copying machine, four principal inctrunientalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, tour mechanical. axes to which these i.u:-:trumentuliiics are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being: controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by rontacl; between the peripheries (it the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and a cam and connections for displacing and rewilving the model wheel upon and about its mechanical axis, the revolution time being equal to the rotation time of the model.

0. in a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, tour mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respe :tive y relatedthe distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between. the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and a variable eccentric mounting tor the model wheel, whereby the model wheel may be carried bodily around its mechanical axis in a circle of varying,- radius.

10. 111 a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as dotern'iined by contact between the peripheries ot' the model wheel and a model held in the holder, an eccentric of ariable throw upon which one of the model wheel and cutter are mounted and a cam and connections for varying the throw of the eccentric.

11. in a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, tour mechanical a:. .s to which these trumentaliti-es are respectively related, the distance between the cutte and block holder axes being cont-rolled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as dc tcrmined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, an eccentric upon wnich the model whee is mounted, the axis of the eccentric coinciding with the mechanical axis of the model wheel, and means for driving the eccentric.

12. In a pattern copying, machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and block holder, tourniechanioal axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries ot the model wheel and a model hel d in the holder, an eccentric upon which the model wheel is mounted rotating at the same angular velocity as the model, the axis of the cccentric coinciding with the n'icchanical axis of? the model wheel, and means for driving the eccentric.

13. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, :tour mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, an eccentric upon which the model wheel is mounted, the axis of the eccentric coinciding with the mechanical axis of the model wheel, cam operated means for varying the throw of the eccentric, and means for Cil drivii'ig the eccentric, the rotation of the eccentric being at the same angular velocity as that of the model and in the same direction.

14. In a. pattern copying machine, "four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, ilour mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance betweenthe cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, a model wheel carriage, guides on sai d carriage, a plate moving universally in a plane in said guides, said model wheel being mounted on said plate, and a cam and connections for operating said plate in said guides.

15. In a. pattern copying machine, four principal instrun'ientalities, viz, a, model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, tour mechanical axes to which these instrunientalitics are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as r ctermined by contact between the peripheries oi the model wheel and a model held in the holder, a model wheel carriage, guides on said carriage, a platemovinguni'versally in a plane in said guides, said model wheel being mounted on said plate, a rotating shaft having a staggered portion extending through said plate, a bearing for said staggered portion mounted in gimbals in said plate, and a cam and connections for moving said shaft endwise th rough the plate whereby the staggered portion and the gimbals cause movei'nent of said plate ot varying amplitude.

16. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalitics, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these i ustrumci'italities are respc vcly related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes beiu controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries oi the model wheel and a model held in the holder, and a variable eccentric mounting for the model wheel comprising a. Z-shaped shaft and a, gimbal bearing whereby the model wheel may be carried bodily around its mech anical axis in a. circle oil varying radius.

17. in a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalitics, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, four mechanical axes to which these instrumcin talities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and block holder axes being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as dete mined by cr i inheries i met" in the holder, an eccentric of variable throw upon which one of the model wheel and cutter are mounted and a cam and connections for varying the throw of the eccentric, the cam being developed as a function of the. longitudinal position in the work of the point being reproduced.

18. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalitics, viz, a model wheel,

a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel. and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a tan-board, a contact member co-operating with the tan-binird and connected to one of the said instrumentalities to cause width grading movements thereoil, and means for automatically varying the setting oithe member on the tan-board. V

19. In a pattern co pyingmachine, four principal instrumcntalities, viz, amodel wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative HIOVQDIGDt in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the blocl; is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width g'ading mechanism comprising a tan-board, a contact member cooperating to one of the said instrumentalities to cause width grading movements thereof, and a cam and connections for automatically varying the setting of the member on the tan-board.

20. in a pattern copying machine, four principal instrui'nentalities viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a tan-board, a contact member co-operating with the tan board and connected to one of the said instrumcntalities to cause width grading move ments thereof, and a cam and connections for automatically varying the etting ol the member on the fan-board, periodically in time relati on to the rotation of the model. 1

2i. In pattern copying machine, our principal :instrunientalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model who l and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a mei'nbor on the model. side of the machine constructed and arranged for movement proportional to the model radiusbeing reproduc at any instant, a second. member i to a principal instrume with. tirstcia ieniher to with the tan-board and connected ality and nuiltiply the said movement while transmit-- ting it to the said instrumentality tor width grading purposes, and m chanism for automatically changing the multiplication factor during the noduetion of a piece of work.

22. lnapatterncopyingmachine,tourprincipal instrunicntalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutte and a block holder, arranged tor relative movement in pairs in such manner tlut the depth of cut in the block controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a member on the model side oi the machine constriwted and arranged for movement proportional to the model radius being: reproduced at any instant, a second member connected to a principal instrumentality and co-operating with the lirst-nalned member to multiply the said movement while transmi tting it to the said intrumentality for width grading purposes, and mechanism for automatically changing the multiplication factor periodically during the producti 1 n ot a piece of work, the period being equal to that of the model revolution.

2; In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, at 'ang ed to:- relative IHOVQIIlOJIl] in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is cont 'olled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanisn'i comprising a lian-bmrrd, a contact member arranged to co-operate with the lanboard and connected to a principal instrumentality to transmit width grading movement thereto, a setting meml'ier tor placing the contact member in adjustment in relation to the fanboard, and mechanism tor automatically operating; the settine; member.

21-. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrunnentalities, viz, a nmdel wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth oil cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising: a tan-hoard, a contact member arranged to co-operate with the tan-board and connected to a principal instrumentality to transmit width grading movement thereto, a setting member for plac'n;- the contact mem her in adjustim-nt in relation to the fan-board, a lever to which the sett ng member is also connected, and in rans tor operating the lever to control the setting ol the contactmember during the production of a piece ot work.

In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrun'wntalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter, and a block holder, arranged for relative movement pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel. and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a fan-board, a contact membe a ranged to coopcrate with the tan board and. connected to a principal instrumentality to trz'insmit wioth grading movement thereto, a setting: member l'or placing the contact member in adjustment in relation to the tan-board, a lever to which the setting is also connected, the connection with said lever being adjustable to ary the setting of the contact member, and a cam and connections for operating the lever to vary the setting o'l ll e contact member during the prod notion of a piece of work.

26. In a pattern copying; machii'ie, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cnttc' and a block holder, arranged. for relative nuivement in pairs in such manner that the depth o'l cut in the block is controlled by the coiitacl; between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comjnisiim a 'l anboard, a con tact member tor the lairbmird connected to a principal instrumentality 'lor etl'ecting width grading movements thereol, a circular inent'placeablc with its center ot curvature at the neutral point of the :lf'an-board, a linlc connecting the contact member with the segment, its connection with the segment being adjustable, and, means tormoving the segment to operate the link and thereby move the contact member from the neutral point of the tan-board.

27. In a pattern copying machine, tour principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a bloclt holder, arranged tor relative movement in pa rs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block controlled by the contact be tween the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, width grading lllOtflliU'llHlil for varying the normal 1 l re )roductional movements of said j'nstrimientalitics, and cam-ope 'ated mechanism for inhibiting the action of aid grading mechanism at desired intervals during the work production whereby the width grading may be restricted to arbitrary portions of the work.

28. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutteand a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth ot cut in the lock is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, a width grading mechanism, and means "for multiplying the width grading" movement eilected by said grading mechanism by a quantity which may vary during the production oi. a piece oi? work.

29. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model lit) wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a blockv holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact be tween the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, model and work rotating means, mechanism for imparting to one of the principal instrumentalities a predetermined movement which may vary and is related to the orientation about the axis of rotation of the model radius being reproduced, and means for multiplyin said movement by a factorproportional to the length of the said radius. 7

30. A copying lathe in which the various cross-sections produced in the work are governed by.eorresponding cross-sections o'l a model, comprising connections which vary during the operation of the lathe so as to vary the eli'ect of the model upon one cross sectional dimension of the work from that upon another, the variation being proportional to the absolute dimensions of that particular cross-section being reproduced.

31. In a pattern copying machine, "four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact be tween the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mech anism comprising a first member attached to one of the principal instrui'nentalities to impart width grading movements thereto, a secondmemberarranged for movements pro portional to the model radius being reproduced, a third member arranged for arbitrarily predetermined movement, and means for transn'iitting to the first-named member the product of the movements of the two lastnamed members.

In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled bythe contact between the model wheel an d a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a first member attached to one of the principal instrumentalities to im part width grading movements thereto, a second member arranged for movements proportional to the model radius being reproduced, a third member arranged for arbitrarily predeterminedcam controlled movement, and means for transmitting to the firstnamed member the product 01' the movements of the two last-named members. 7

In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact be tween the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a first member 'attached to one of the principal instrumentalities to impart width grading movements thereto, a second member arranged for movementsproportional to the model radius being reproduced, a third member arranged for arbitrarily predetermined cam controlled movement corresponding to the model rotation, and means for transmitting to the first-named member the product of the movements-of the two last-named members.

Set. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the dept-h of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a fan-board, a contact member for the fan-board connected with a principal instrmnentality to impart grading movements thereto, a link attached to the contact member for moving it across the fan-board, a crank arm to which the link is adjustably attached to set the contact member, and a cam and connections for operating the crank to effect arbitrary predetermined movements of the contact member on the faitboard during the production of a piece of work.

- 35. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a fan-board, a contact member for the fan-board constructed and arranged to impart width grading movements to one of the principal instrumentalities, and means for automatically moving the contact member to the neutral point of the tan-board during a portion of each rotation of the model whereby no 'width grading will be done over the corresponding portions of the model.

36. In a pattern copying machine, four principal mstrmnentahties, viz, a model -wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a fan-board, a contact member for the fan-board constructed and arranged to impart width grading movements to one of the principal instrwmentalities, and means for automatically moving the contact member to the neutral point of the tan-board during a portion of the work production whereby no width grading will be done over the corresponding portion of the model.

37. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth oi cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism con'iprising a fan-board formed on a circular arc, a contact member for the tan-board, and a link (150) mounted at one end on the contact member and having its other end connected to one of the principal instrumentalities to impart width grading movements thereto, the center of curvature of the tan-board falling at the other end of the link when the axis of the model holder is on the face of the model wheel.

38. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a. model wheel a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact be tween the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a tan-board, a contact member for the tan-board arranged to transmit width grading movement to one of the principal instrumentalities, a crank arm connected to the contact member to set it on the tan-board, the connections having provision for adjustment on the crank to provide for different width grades, and means for setting the crank to correspond with the model size, to secure the same absolute width increase tor the same connection adj ustment, irrespective of the model size.

39. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrmnentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the cont-act between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder. and a width grading mechanism comprising a fan-board, a contact member for the tan-board arranged to transmit width gradingmovement to one of the principal instrumentalities, a graduated crank arm, a link adjustable along the graduation and connected to the contact member to set it for different width grades, a rotary cam and cam roll for controlling the crank arm to vary the setting of the contact member independently of the graduation, and a link arranged to be substituted. for the cam, and to connectthe axis of the cam to the cam roll on the lever, to hold the crank arm in normal position to effect normal width grading.

40. In a pattern copyin gmachi ne, tour p ri ncipal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and ablock holderarranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model holder, and a width grading mechanism comprising a fan-board, a contact member for the fanboard arranged to transmit width grading movement to one of the principal instrumentalities, a crank arm connected to the contact member to set it on the fan-board, the connection having provision for adjustment on the crank to provide for ditlerent width grades, and means comprising a graduated link adjustable in length by the graduation for setting the crank to correspond with the model size to secure the same absolute width increase for the same connection adjustment, irrespective of the model size.

etl. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model hold er, a model wheel, a work holder and a tool, tt'our mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the dis tance between the cutter and work holder being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in the holder, a frame swinging about a center and carrying one of said instruinentalities and in which the said instrumentality is rotated, and means for revolving the co-operating one of the principal instrumentalities, displaced from its normal position relatively to its mechanical axis, about the said mechanical axis in uniform relation to the rotation of the instrumentality in the swing frame, irrespective of the swinging movement of the frame.

42. I11 a pattern copying machine, four principal instrmnentalities, viz, a model holder, a model wheel, a work holder and a tool, four mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and work holder being controlled by the distance between the model wheel and model holder axes determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a. model held in the holder, a frame swinging about a center and carrying one of said instrumeutalitics and in which the said instrumentality is rotated, and means for revolving the co-operating one of the principal instrumentalities, displaced from its normal position relatively to its mechanical axis, about the said mechanical axis in uniform relation to the rotation of the instrumentality in the swing frame, irrespective of the swinging movement of the t a comprising a trai a a ring bQ-tWQQJTi t3;

instrumentalities, whereby the drive of one may drive the other, said train of gearing being constructed and arranged to absorb the movement of the swing frame without relative disturbance of its terminal members.

43. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model holder, a model wheel, a work holder and a tool, four mechanical axes to which these in strumentalities are respectively related, the distance between the cutter and work holder being controlled by the distance between the modelwheel and model. holder axes as determined by contact between the peripheries of the model wheel and a model held in theholder, a frame swinging about a center and carrying one of said instrumentalities and in which the said instrumentality is rotated, and means for revolving the co-operating one of theprincipalinstrlnnentalities, displaced from its normal position relatively to its mechanical axis, about the said mechanical axis in uniform relation to the rotation of the instrumentality in the swing frame, irrespective of the swing ing movement of the frame, comprising a train of gearing between the two instrumentalities whereby the drive of one may drive the other, the said train comprising a pair of spiral gears, the slope of the spiral being arranged to absorb the swing frame movement without d1sturbance of the two insti'umentalities.

M. in a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model holder, a model wheel, a work holder and a tool,

four mechanical axes to which these instrumentalities are respectively related, the disthe principal instrumentalities, displaced from itsnormal positionrelatively to its mea chanical axis, about the said. mechanical axis in imiform relation to tlierotation of the in strumcntality in the swing frame, irrespective of the swinging movement of the frame,

comprising atrain of gearing between the two instrumentalities whereby-the drive of one may drive the other, the said train comprisingtwo shafts, each driving one instru- .mcntality, a third shaft extending between the said two shafts and transmitting the drive, miter gears connecting the third shaft to one of the, two first-named shafts, and spiral'gears connecting the third shaft to the other of the two first-named shafts, the slope of the spiral being arrangedto absorb the movement of all parts dueto the movement of the swing frame.

the lever 45. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities,

viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and a block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel an d a model held. in the model holder, and. a width gradin g mechanism comprising alever and a member adjustable along the lever and connected to one of the said instrumentalities to cause grading movement thereof, and insane for automatically varying the adjustment of the member along the lever during the production of a work piece. 46. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in the model. holder, an d a width grading mechanism comprising a lever and a member adj ustable along the lever and connected toone of the said instrumentalities to cause grading movement thereof, andpowcr operated means for varyingthe adjustment of the member along the lever during the production of a work piece.

4-7. In a pattern copying machine, four principal instrumentalities, viz, a model .wheel, a model holder, a cutter and block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such manner that the depth of cut m'ent thereof, and power operated means for varyingthc ad ustment of themember along during the production of a work piece periodically in time relation to the model rotation, i j Y In a pattern. copying machine, four principal instrumentaflities, viz, a- .model wheel, a model holder, a cutter and block holder, arranged for relative movement in pairs in such mannerthat the depth of out in the block is controlled by the contact between the model wheel and a model held in member along the lever during the production. of a work piece.

, 49;.111 a pattern copying machine, four' princiial instrumentalities, viz, a model Iwheel, amodel holder, a cutter and block holder, f arranged for relative movement in 

